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Profiling Violence






Classifications of serial murderers  are necessary in order to make logical decisions about how to detect, apprehend, and eventually access their dangerousness. Without meaningful classifications, predications about aspects of crime scene behavior and how those actions relate to background characteristics can only be, at best, vague and limited to general factors. The difficulty is in finding the distinct behaviors and characteristics which will classify serial murderers into meaningful groups.

First, classifications must be reliable. For instance, one offender’s necessary aggression may be another person’s sadism. Secondly, the classification must be practical and straightforward to interpret and use. If it requires years of dynamic psychological study before it produces results, chances are that it will not be very widely applied. Thirdly, the classification model must be valid for the task it is developed to fulfill. It must either lead to meaningful predictions or create facets of behavior to further our understanding of serial murderers. The FBI profilers divide serial murderers into two types, according to the interplay of aggression and sex. The first serial murderer type is one who struggles against his impulses. His crimes are posited to be disorganized, and he often leaves his crime scenes in disarray. His driving motive is sexual gratification. The disorganized serial murderer has an aggressive aim and is called a displaced anger murderer. Such men seek to hurt, humiliate, and defile their victims, and sex is in the service of an aggressive impulse. In other words, sexual and aggressive impulses are not well differentiated, but do feed off each other. The second serial murderer type is labeled a sociopath. He is driven by sadistic urges, seeking to humiliate his victims. However, his crimes are organized, have a degree of planning involved, and he rarely leaves any forensic clues. The organized serial murder is one where violence is only instrumental in achieving a sexual end. This type of offender is often referred to as a serial sex murderer. Other research also points out that sex is an integral part of the serial murderer’s attack.


For example, some researchers suggest that sex in the crime of serial murder is pseudo-sexual, not a sexual act. The serial murderer has inherent doubts about his general adequacy, including sexual inadequacy, and seeks to control his victims through intimidation. To alleviate these feelings of sexual inadequacy, the individual seeks revenge on women for wrongs believed to have been done to himself in past experiences. The serial murderer then uses violence in a sadistic way to take back control over women.


Classifications can take on many different forms from clusters, regions, or sequential causal path analysis. Some of these approaches to offense interpretation make strong assumptions about the type of framework that will emerge — others, less strong. The Facet Theory works well with qualitative categories and builds up models of the underlying structure of the data from those categories, such as information contained in police files.

The ultimate purpose of any offender classification system is to aid police in identifying potential suspects and select between them. But which behaviors and characteristics can be specified with any consistency; and of those, which are the most useful in helping police identify the perpetrator?

It is an introduction of  an “inductive” rather than a “deductive” approach to classifying the crime scene behavior of serial killers. Be it as it may as a controversial subject, full of potent myth. The object of analysis is to provide an empirical overview of the related scientific knowledge, introduce a new method to classify the serial predator, and present accounts of the process and difficulties of profiling the serial murderer. It is undoubtedly useful and interesting to most scientists and professionals in the fields of criminology, psychology, criminal justice, and police studies.

Acknowledgements:
The Police Department; 
https://www.politie.nl/mijnbuurt/politiebureaus/05/burgwallen.html and a Chief Inspector – Mr. Erik Akerboom     ©


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