The study of 28 serial murderers found that 68% of the
killers used some form of a con game or ruse to lure their victims. The majority of victims in this study (n = 390 or 54%)
were blitz attacked, while only (n = 242) 33% of the victims were lured to
their deaths through the use of a con. It can be noted that it has been proven and found that 21% of their child killers used a con to gain control
over their victims. Con in this study means that the killer initiated contact
with his victims by use of a verbal contact, questions asked, or story told. Ploy
differs in that it requires the killer to use some form of subterfuge — a
broken arm, stalled car, etc. — to lure victims to their deaths. In the
present study, there were (n = 133) 18% of such cases involving a ploy to lure
victims. The frequency
with which serial murderers used sex as a ruse to gain access to victims was (n
= 228) 31%. This variable includes offenders who made contact with their
victims either as a prostitute or in a nightclub setting. For example, a recent
study by this author on victim target networks in serial murder suggests that
serial murderers regularly forage for potential victims in red-light areas. In order to
gain the confidence of a potential victim, some serial murderers resort to the use of aliases. This variable involves the
offender’s use of names other than their legal name, including any nicknames or
slang names. The variable also includes any forged names, via Social
Security numbers and driver’s license numbers. Approximately (n = 42) 6% of
the serial murderers in this study used aliases. It is suggested that often it is control over a victim that serial murderers seek. This study looked at eight methods that serial murderers used to control their victims. For example, one study
points out that “binding a victim makes control easier and for uncooperative,
strong victims, it may be absolutely necessary.” In an effort to
control the victim, serial murderers can use a gag. In 230 cases, 32% of the
victims were gagged. This includes the use at any time during the attack of any
physical article placed in or around the victim’s mouth, but does not
include manual gagging. In some instances, a gag may be used to prevent noise or be associated with sexual role-playing
or bondage. Another method of controlling a victim is the use of
handcuffs. This form of restraining the victim also suggests that the crime is
preplanned. In 102 cases, 14% of the victims in this study were bound with
handcuffs. Serial murderers select their weapons of death very
carefully, the killers use hands-on weapons for three reasons:
- to touch the
victim;
- because the
touch terrorizes the victim;
- because the
touch degrades the victim.
Criminologists
argue that guns are rarely used in serial murders. However, it was found that
19% of his serial murderer sample used a firearm exclusively, while 45% used some
firearms. Firearms were defined as any type of gun: shotgun, rifle,
handgun, etc. Out of 728 victims (n = 236) 32% were murdered with a
firearm. This finding provides an indication that some type of firearm is not
often the serial murderer’s weapon of choice. Bludgeon is a method of killing the victim that requires
hands-on touching by the killer. In 108 (15%) of the cases in the present study, the
victims were bludgeoned to death. Bludgeoning includes homicide that
results from being beaten to death by any blunt instrument, for example a
club or tire iron. Serial
murderers are more likely to be sexual sadists. However neither sexual activity nor murder was the true motive
for the serial murderer’s behavior. Such murders are an attempt to cope with an internal conflict, a way
to achieve relief from psychological pain, primarily by
demonstrating power and mastery over others. If the dominant focus of serial murderers is sadistic
sexual activities, then one could expect that variables which have a sadistic
focus occur most frequently. The most
frequent type of sexual assault in the present sample was vaginal penetration (n = 379 or
52%). The remaining
four types of sexual degradation involve more sadistic acts; for example, sex organ assault, and any assaults by hand
or a weapon to the male or female genitals, breasts, and anal areas. Two
hundred and six cases (28%) included this form of degradation. The number of
cases where the killer exploited the victim’s body by inserting foreign
objects was (n = 183) 25%. Necrophilia as a form of sexual deviation is posited as a
common occurrence in serial murder. Postmortem sexual act or necrophilia is defined as having sexual relations with dead bodies. In this sample of
serial murderers (n = 63) 9% of the victims were sexually violated after death. Ritualistic acts describe any evidence found at the crime
scene that suggests the killer performed ritualistic acts on, with, or near
the victim’s body. For example, this would include evidence of candle burning,
stacking of rocks, or dead animals found at the crime scene. In 88 (12%) of
the cases, the offender performed some sort of ritualistic act at the
crime scene. Anthropophagy is defined as the eating of human flesh by
slicing off body parts. Several serial murderers have practiced this form of
cannibalism; however, the occurrence of cannibalism in serial murder
is still relatively low despite the media’s hype surrounding a few cases that
feature this type of behavior. A trophy for the serial murderer is something taken from
the crime scene that has some intrinsic value. Serial murderers have been known to engage in
photo-taking or videotaping their hedonistic acts. This category describes
cases where the offender took photos and/or videos of the victim prior to or
after death. In the present study, it was found that in (n = 124) 17% of the
cases, the killer photographed or videotaped his crimes.
Overall, the
results suggested that generally serial murderers reveal organized behavior at their crime scenes. In 59% of the cases the
killer hid their victims’ bodies, and 44% the victims’ clothing, while
only 42% left semen at the crime scene.
Acknowledgements:
The
Police Department;
https://www.politie.nl/mijnbuurt/politiebureaus/05/burgwallen.html
and a Chief Inspector – Mr. Erik Akerboom
©
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