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Case Study Research







A number of serial murder classification schemes rely on descriptive statistics to categorize offenders according to what percentage of offenders had a certain characteristic in their background. Using interviews with convicted murderers, it was found out that there were certain background characteristics that could describe the organized and disorganized serial murderers. It is an empirical model of the crime scene actions based on information available to a police inquiry. On the whole, the data supports the hypothesized two-facet, four-element.  A case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident. Case studies have traditionally been stereotyped as weak. For example, one question often asked about the use of case studies is, “How can you generalize from a single case?” “How can you generalize from a single experiment?” The scientific facts are rarely based on single experiments; they are usually based on a multiple set of experiments, which have replicated the same phenomena under different conditions. Case studies should be selected just like a laboratory investigator selects the topic of a new experiment. Five archival sources were used to obtain information for the following cases:
-     Police Records
-     Psychiatric Reports
-     Geographical Maps
-     Court Transcripts
-     Miscellaneous Published Sources (nonfiction books)

The first four of the archival sources listed above were the primary sources used to retrieve the case data from. In most of the cases, court transcripts were used to corroborate the police records and psychiatric reports. A fifth source, miscellaneous, was used in rare instances to corroborate the police records. Briefly, as previously mentioned, the term organized and disorganized does not have the same meaning as defined by the FBI. Not all offenders fit neatly into one type or another. Furthermore, there is evidence that one type of serial murderer can, while in prison, develop the practices of other types. The affective-vehicle (AV) theme is distinguishable by the disarray in the offender’s crime scene. The AV theme represents a subset of serial murderers who target, murder, and leave their victim’s body in the same location, such as the victim’s residence. For example, in preparation for the crime, the offender will stake out a particular house. He will then break and enter the home to
canvass for photos, names of children, and get a feel for the general layout of the scene. Returning later to the victim’s home, the killer will then use force to enter the house, usually during the night. The thrill of breaking into a person’s home is a form of impersonal attachment; the victims are violated, but at a distance. These actions could suggest preplanning, but the offender’s actions during and after the murders are completely disorganized. The disorganization is demonstrated, for example, by the offender’s use of a weapon of opportunity that is recovered at the crime scene. Often in crimes of this type, the offender’s original intent is rape. However, during the attack the victim may block the offender’s advances; he therefore may react by killing the victim. Due to the emotional component, the preferred weapon is the offender’s hands and feet. Other opportunistic behaviors in the AV theme are ransacking the victim’s property and stealing the victim’s vehicle. There are the crime scene behaviors exhibited by serial murderer known also as: Crime Scene Dynamics which follows:
-     Forced entry
-     Night and day entry
-     Victims were strangers
-     Bludgeoned victims
-     Murders committed in victims’ homes
-     Some victims’ bodies left openly displayed
-     Victims’ vehicles stolen
-     Weapons of opportunity
-     Some victims found fully clothed
-     Vaginal penetration
-     Attempted sexual assaults
-     Weapon hands and feet
-     Used a knife to control victim
-     Used victim’s clothing as a weapon (Restraint victim)

Background Characteristics
-     White
-     Divorced
-     High school dropout
-     Age 30
-     Past convictions of burglary
-     Unemployed
-     Juvenile convictions
-     Drug convictions
-     Previous history of mental problems



Victims in the AO theme are more likely to be strangers, among them prostitutes or hitchhikers, who are invested with a symbolic importance by the AO killer. The killer may see in others distorted representations of their earlier traumatic relations; for example, the offender may have a low opinion of women who work the streets. The offender therefore abducts and kills his victims for wrongs he believes women have done to him, and takes out his rage and anger in the form of excessive blunt trauma to the victim’s body.

There are many potential methods of crime representation, which carry assumptions about the role of the investigator. These approaches to aid a criminal investigation range from the purely graphical to the statistical. The more statistical the decision-making tool chosen is, the more processed the information becomes. This results in a more predetermined decision. Conversely, the more graphical the approach, the less processing is carried out on the crime information, and the less predetermined the decision. The limitations of information processing abilities ensures that this form of information systemization and linking crimes is extremely prone to bias by individual experience during the assimilation and interpretation phase. Drawing deductive inferences using past experiences of a similar type of crime is extremely difficult to avoid with this type of crime information representation. This method of accessing crime information and recognizing behavioral patterns maintains the most reliance on the investigator’s personal and subjective judgement.

Acknowledgements:
The Police Department;
https://www.politie.nl/mijnbuurt/politiebureaus/05/burgwallen.html and a Chief Inspector – Mr. Erik Akerboom     ©


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